Accuracy: No test is infallible. Surveys of drug testing labs have found remarkably high error rates from poor quality control. While good labs have added safeguards to minimize the risk of "false positives, " even if error rates are only one in 10, 000, the extension of drug testing to tens of millions of workers as proposed by the government means that many workers will be falsely accused of drug abuse. The most common misconception about drug urine testing is that it detects drug-impaired workers, whereas it actually detects evidence of past drug use that need have no relation to on-the-job performance. Because drug tests are highly sensitive to marijuana, random testing can promote use of other, more dangerous drugs such as cocaine and opiates, which wash out in 2-3 days, or LSD, which is rarely tested. At the same time, most drug tests totally disregard alcohol, the nation's leading drug of abuse. Urine testing is tbus an inherently flawed technology: it rules out the most innocent off-the-job marijuana use, while permitting flagrant on-the-job alcoholiism. Efficacy: Urine testing has never been scientifically shown to be safe or effective at improving workplace safety or productivity, and studies indicate that the great majority of drug-positive workers are just as reliable as others John Horgan, "Test Negative, " Scientific American, March 1990; Dr. John Morgan, "Impaired Statistics and the Unimpaired Worker, " The Drug Policy Letter, May June 1989 ; . Medically, the consensus of expert opinion is that drug tests are an inherently unreliable indicator of drug impairment Consensus Report, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Journal of the American Medical Association, Nov. 8, 1985 ; . Dr. George Lundberg of the American Medical Association has called them "Chemical McCarthyism" editorial, Journal of the American Medical Association, Dec. 5 1986 ; . Alternatives: The shortcomings of drug testing can be avoided by performance tests that measure actual concentration and reaction time instead of chemical residues. Computer video game tests that detect impairment due to drugs, fatigue, stress, or illness are now available on the market Performance Factors, Denver, Col Laser cut soft tissue with a pulsed beam whose frequency and energy could be independently varied to achieve the ideal blend of cutting and coagulation. Even when operated in "continuous wave" mode, this laser produced a pulsed beam with a frequency of 1000-3000 Hz. The UltraPulse also produced a small 0.2mm ; diameter beam that made it more useful for working in the periorbital region. When used properly, surgery could be performed quickly, intraoperative hemostasis and visualization of delicate anatomic structures was dramatically improved, and the zone of thermal injury surrounding the laser incisions was only about 115m.3 Consequently, when these wounds healed they were usually indistinguishable in appearance from cold steel wounds. Similar devices subsequently produced by other manufacturers e.g., Unipulse, Nidek Incorporated, Fremont, CA, 0.2mm spot, peak power 40 W ; yielded equally satisfactory results, leading to more widespread acceptance of laser incisional surgery as a viable technique in certain clinical settings. In an effort to further reduce the risk of complications, in 1998 Sciton Palo Alto, CA ; began adapting an Er: YAG laser to produce soft tissue incisions. Unfortunately the Er: YAG laser was unable to produce sufficient hemostasis to make it practical for use in soft tissue incisional surgery. Clinical Perspective Proponents of laser incisional surgery find that soft tissue surgery may be performed more efficiently and, in some cases, more effectively with lasers than with standard techniques. There are several reasons for this. First, when used properly, the laser handpiece acts as three instruments: a cutting tool, a cautery, and a blunt dissection device. The intraoperative transfer of instruments and therefore total operating time is thus decreased. Second, intraoperative efficiency is increased further by the near absolute hemostasis that is often achieved when working in areas such as the periorbital region where most blood vessels have an internal diameter of 0.5mm or less. For this reason, the CO2 laser has found its greatest incisional applications in the periorbital region. Third, dissection with the CO2 laser in the eyelids and periorbital region allows surgery to be performed on delicate vascular structures such as the levator palpebrae superioris and the superior tarsal Mller's ; muscle with a lower risk of tissue distortion.

Tion was associated with lower risk of incident dementia 1 - 3 and stroke.4-7 Fish is a direct source of -3 fatty acids, a class of polyunsaturated fat that has been associated with lower risk of Alzheimer disease3 and cognitive decline8 in 2 prospective studies. Dietary intakes of the -3 fatty acids, and especially docosahexaenoic acid DHA ; , are essential for neurocognitive development and normal brain functioning.9, 10 Recent animal models have demonstrated that dietary DHA is important for brain neural reserve and memory performance in aged mice.11-14 In the current study, we examined whether dietary consumption of fish and the -3 fatty acids were associated with age-related cognitive decline among a large population of older adults and taxol.

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