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University, Seoul, Korea -- We performed direct numerical simulations DNS ; of stably stratified turbulent boundary layers, in the range of Re 180 800 and Ri 0 400. To extend our investigation on the dynamics of near-wall turbulent structures under strong stratification to higher Reynolds numbers, we developed a highly scalable parallel program. Compared to the previous version, extensive improvements on the computation efficiency and the communication scalability were made so that tera-scale supercomputers could be fully exploited. Our simulations show the evidences of modification in the near-wall structures due to the stratification, as well as the typical suppression of turbulence far away from the wall as previously reported by other researchers. Interestingly, for some cases, DNS resulted in complete suppression of the near-wall disturbances while large-eddy simulations LES ; for the same cases did not. More detailed discussion on this issue and a few other computational issues associated with the increase of the Richardson number will be addressed in the presentation.
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AITL represents a distinctive PTL subtype with unique clinicopathological features sometimes simulating an infectious process. It usually effects the elderly and presents with generalized lymphadenopathy although lymph node enlargement may be not be as pronounced as in other primary nodal PTLs. Hepatosplenomegaly, skin rash and B-symptoms are often present as well as hypergammaglobulinemia and elevation of both the LDH and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Patients may show anemia and occasionally pancytopenia. A significant proportion of patients have circulating autoantibodies and a number of autoimmune phenomena have been reported.12 Histologically, the lymph node architecture is at least partially effaced by a polymorphic infiltrate predominantly occupying the paracortical areas. Subcapsular sinuses may be preserved. The neoplastic T-cells have clear cytoplasm and are distributed in a marked inflammatory background comprising polyclonal plasma cells, eosinophils, epithelioid histiocytes, arborized high endothelial venules and expanded follicular dendritic meshworks Figure 2 ; . Extranodal disease may be present at diagnosis including involvement of the bone marrow, spleen, skin, and lungs. The neoplastic T-cells, which may be a minor cell population, are CD4 + T-cells that coexpress CD10 and sometimes BCL-6 suggesting the derivation from a unique population of T-cells, called follicular B helper cells TFH ; which are normally specialized in B-cell help within the germinal center microenvironment.12 More recently it was shown that in AITL the atypical CD10 + cells express CXCL13, a chemokine highly upregulated in TFH cells and critically involved in lymphoid organogenesis and B-cell migration into follicles.13, 14 Finally, gene expression profiling revealed that the AITL molecular signature was significantly enriched for TFH cell-specific genes strongly supporting the idea that TFH cells represent the normal counterpart of AITL.15 Another frequent finding in AITL is the presence of EBV-infected B-cells even early in the course of the disease which may progress to an EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disorder. This may show both T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangements when examined by clonality studies.
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Patent Abstracts John Woodruff It is the objective of the applicants to provide sun protection compositions that exhibit phase stability, stability in storage, transparency and compatibility with sensitive skin. This is achieved by the use of micro-emulsions comprising oils, mono glyceride ether ; sulfate and UV filters. Suitable oils are, for example, Guerbet alcohols based on fatty alcohols containing 6 to 18 and preferably 8 to 10 carbon atoms, esters of linear C6-20 fatty acids with linear C6-20 fatty alcohols and esters of branched C6-13 carboxylic acids with linear C6-20 fatty alcohols. Other suitable oils include 2-ethyl hexanol, vegetable oils, branched primary alcohols, substituted cyclohexanes, and silicone compounds. The oils may be present in quantities of 1 to 90% by weight, preferably 5 to 75% by weight and more preferably 10 to 50% by weight, based on the non-aqueous component. Monoglyceride sulfates and monoglyceride ether sulfates are anionic surfactants normally produced from triglycerides that are trans-esterified to the monoglyceride, optionally after ethoxylation, and then sulphated and neutralised. These may be used in association with alkyl ether sulfates and or non-ionic polyglycosides as co-emulsifiers. The following formulations are each described as stable and clear and illustrate the principal claims of the patent. INCI Name Sodium coco monoglycerol sulfate Sodium laureth sulfate Dodecyl polyglucose Glyceryl oleate Octyldodecanol Dicaprilyl ether Decyl Oleate Caprylic capric triglyceride Cetearyl isononanoate OMC Methylbenzylidene camphor Octyl triazone Titanium dioxide Tocopherol Water to 100% R1 12.0 6.0 -5.0 -R2 6.0 3.0 -15.0 15.0 9.0 -R3 6.0 2.0 4.0 35.0 5.0 R4 6.0 4.0 5.0 -35.0 5.0 --R5 6.0 -35.0 5.0 -R6 3.0 15.0 20.0 -10.0 and pemoline!
B: So, what do you feel is the significance of the fact that it was a highly treatment- experienced group in terms of how the drug will be used in the general population? E: I can only speak for myself as a clinician. I think that initially we will use this drug in the treatment-experienced population. My experience has been that drugs that are well-tolerated tend to then move forward in the treatment cascade. Drugs that are hard to administer--multiple pills, side-effects, etc., tend to stay in the later salvage. Drugs that are easy to administer and are well-tolerated tend to move forward. So, I can't predict the future but I think the fact that it is so well tolerated suggests that people might start experimenting with it. But again the data we have here is in a specific population. B: What about those who have used both darunavir and enfuvirtide? Should they be adding raltegravir to their regimen, or should they be waiting for another active agent? E: Yeah, I think the most difficult decision in clinical practice now is when to switch therapy in people who are treatment experienced. And I feel very strongly that it is a balance between clinical urgency and making sure you combine your new drug with other adequate drugs. My own opinion is that if someone is clinically stable, then it's wiser to wait for stronger partner agents. And you could ask, "Do I have a CD4 cell count threshold that I would say, definitely switch?" I don't think you can be that precise. Though I think if someone's got a new opportunistic infection and their CD4 cell count is falling, then I think you're forced to make tougher decisions. I think if someone has a good CD4 cell count, then it only makes sense to wait until you have other new agents in hand. I think that is sensible and the data from the BENCHMRK trials would support that--that it's better to have other active drugs in the regimen for sure. tpan.
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Objectives we studied the effects of rate and some cardioactive drugs on the atrial surface electrocardiogram ecg and penicillamine.
1998 Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, which is solely responsible for the contents. Publisher: Snell Medical Communication Inc. in cooperation with the Division of Cardiology, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto. All rights reserved. Printed in Canada. The administration of any therapies discussed or referred to in Scientific Update should always be consistent with the recognized prescribing information in Canada. Snell Medical Communication Inc. is committed to the development of superior Continuing Medical Education. 120-237.
Pemetrexed Disodium AlimtaTM ; J9305 ; 10 mg FDA approval date 02 05 2004 Mesothelioma 163.0-163.9 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 162.2-162.9 For the treatment of patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma whose disease is either unresectable or who are otherwise not candidates for curative surgery and pennyroyal.
CONFIDENTIAL excess fluid and applying a talc pleurodesis the insertion of talc to prevent further fluid accumulation ; , palliative radiotherapy, analgesics, steroids, appetite stimulants and bronchodilators. Radical radiotherapy is not widely used in MPM because it does not appear to significantly affect survival, and the large volumes required for pleural coverage result in high toxicity. However, radiotherapy is used as prophylaxis following invasive procedures and as a palliative treatment for pain or chest wall masses. There is no standard chemotherapy treatment for MPM. Pemetrexed in combination with cisplatin is the only chemotherapy regimen that is currently licensed for this indication, although in practice, a wide variety of single-agent and combination regimens are used. Alkylating agents, anthracyclines, platinum compounds, antifolates and mitomycin C have demonstrated response rates of 045% in clinical trials. Single-agent vinorelbine and the MVP mitomycin C, vinblastine and cisplatin ; combination are among the treatments most commonly used in the UK and have been shown to give good symptom relief with acceptable toxicity. To date there have been no RCTs comparing survival and symptom control in patients receiving chemotherapy with those receiving ASC BSC. It is therefore uncertain if chemotherapy offers any benefit over ASC BSC in terms of survival and quality of life. Currently, chemotherapy is often given as part of a clinical trial. MPM is not mentioned in the NHS Cancer Plan and there is currently no NICE guidance relating to the treatment of MPM. The British Thoracic Society provides advice on the management of MPM in its `Statement on malignant mesothelioma in the United Kingdom', but does not refer to this document a guideline because it `is not strictly evidence based. and, in many aspects of the subject, there are insufficient randomised trials upon which to base guidelines.' British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee 2001.
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Proponent: one who makes a proposal; an advocate Psychomotor: related to physical skills, as with someone with unusually fine motor skills, co-ordination. Quantitative: referring to "quantity" rather than "quality"; a reference to information or data presented in numerical terms. Questionnaire: a survey instrument designed to gain information held on a particular topic by a certain population of human beings, e.g. college students, the general public, wildlife biologists. Radioactivity: the property of being radioactive; the radiation given off as a consequence of radioactive decay, e.g. the radioactive decay of plutonium Rationale: an explanation; an underlying reason. Recycle: to use again, in some productive manner, materials which are often considered as solid wastes by segments of a human population, e.g. aluminium, paper products, glass, plastics. Remediate: to remedy, to restore, cure. Role playing: to assume the role of a particular individual in an educational simulation activity e.g. a student "plays the role" of a conservationist in a simulation designed to explore all sides of a particular environmental issue. Scenario: the outline or synopsis, step-by-step, of a plot or an event; contains all the details of a plot or an event. Science processes: those critical thinking skills a scientist uses to collect data or solve problems, e.g. hypothesizing, experimenting, inferring. Scientific literacy: the state of being literate in science; an awareness of and ability to use science, its content, processes, and applications. Secondary source of information: a source of information at least one time removed from the primary original source, e.g. reading an article written about an issue as opposed to investigating that issue on a first-hand basis. Simulation: something that assumes the appearance of reality without being real: the act of simulating; feigning. Sociocentric thought: the ability to take into account that others may have a different point of view Solid waste: materials thrown away and in need of disposal, not usually associated with wastes such as radioactive or toxic chemical materials; often wastes with materials which could be recycled. Spatial: pertaining to space. Species population: an interacting group of organisms belonging to the same species; not to be confused with the species as a whole, Strip mining: the removal of the surface layers of soil and rock so that important mineral deposits can be removed for use by man and pentamidine.
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GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY Dr. Val Capstick: Capstick VA, Harley D. Labor and delivery nurses. A survey of attitudes towards third year medical students and their education. J Obst Gynecol 2004 Nov; 191 5 ; : 1828-1833. Dr. Wylam Faught: Faught W. A comprehensive approach to gynecologic oncology. The elements of a successful program. Oncology Exchange 2004; 3: 5 ; : 17-19. Barreth D, Faught W, Schepansky A, Johnson G. The relationship between atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance on pap smear and a clinically significant histologic diagnosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2004 Oct; 26 10 ; : 867-870. Keeley EJ, Dojeiji S, Myers K, Faught W, Bonin B. Pre-pregnancy counselling - What do residents write in their consultation letters? Canadian Journal of Diabetes 2004; 28: 1 ; : 15-19. Barreth D, Sassi I, Schepansky A, Capstick V, Faught W. Grade 3 endometrioid endometrial cancer. Recurrence risk in comparison to serous papillary and clear cell endometrial cancer. International Journal of Gynecological Cancer 2004; 14: Suppl 1 ; : 25, Abstract No. 082. Faught W. CanMEDS roles and obstetrics and gynaecology: the time is now. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2004 Sep; 26 9 ; 781-784. Pubmed Number: 15361272. Dr. Alex Schepansky: Barreth D, Faught W, Schepansky W, Johnson G. The relationship between atypical glandular cells of undetermined significance on pap smear and a clinically significant histologic diagnosis. J Obstet Gynecol Can 2004 Oct; 26: 10 ; : 867-870. Barreth D, Sassi I, Schepansky A, Capstick V, Faught W. Grade 3 Endometrioid Endometrial Cancer - Recurrence Risk in Comparison to Serous Papillary and Clear Cell Endometrial Cancer. J Obstet Gynaecol Can 2004; 26: 10 ; : 929.
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It is worthwhile emphasizing that the marketing approval for the two chemotherapy agents recommends use "after failure of a previous chemotherapy treatment" in the case of docetaxel and "after previous chemotherapy" for pemetrexed, while the use of erlotinib is advised "after failure of at least one previous chemotherapy regimen." Strictly conforming to these therapeutic recommendations would mean that the two chemotherapy agents should be used only in second-line treatment, while erlotinib could be used in second- and also subsequent-line therapy. A retrospective analysis has shown that improvement in survival beyond second-line treatment using chemotherapy is only modest [28]. In the case of erlotinib, benefits in response and survival are similar for those undergoing second- or subsequent-line treatment median survival times of 6.3 months and 6.8 months for second- and third-line treatments, respectively ; [22], so it seems rational to consider second-line treatment with docetaxel or pemetrexed and third-line treatment with erlotinib. In support of this idea, data derived from a direct comparison of second-line erlotinib treatment with the standard chemotherapy agents pemetrexed and docetaxel in a phase III trial are still not available, and the population treated in the erlotinib registration trial [22, 23] was considered unsuitable for chemotherapy treatment [29]. The option of third-line erlotinib use is also supported by the fact that 50% of patients enrolled in the BR.21 study had already received two lines of chemotherapy, and that this drug, while having and pentasa.
Ophthalmic indications, including pathological myopia and ocular histoplasmosis, in more than 40 countries. During 2001, sales of Visudyne reached 6 million a 135% increase over sales in 2000 ; , and during the first nine months of 2002, Visudyne sales topped off at 0 million. QLT is working to expand the market for Visudyne by 1 ; educating the public and physicians worldwide with its marketing partner Novartis Ophthalmics ; about early diagnosis and treatment of age-related macular degeneration and 2 ; exploring new disease indications for Visudyne such as diabetic macular edema and minimally classic agerelated macular degeneration ; . The European Union approved Visudyne for occult age-related macular degeneration in August 2002. In light of QLT's ongoing research into new indications for Visudyne, and QLT's and Novartis' marketing efforts, Visudyne sales should increase worldwide and royalty revenue should exceed million during the next fiscal year. Mivacron, LICENSED TO GlaxoSmithKline Mivacron is a highly selective, short-acting, nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking agent used as an adjunct to general anesthesia. It relaxes skeletal muscles and facilitates tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. This product, which is sold by GlaxoSmithKline in the UK and by Abbott Laboratories in the US, arose from research performed in the MGH Department of Anesthesia by John Savarese. The exclusive license for this technology was originally signed in 1985, and the product was launched in 1992. MGH has patent protection in the US until 2005. Current annual royalties should remain stable until the expiration of the US patent. DIGOXIN ANTIBODY ASSAY, LICENSED TO DADE BEHRING This assay for detecting digoxin in human serum and plasma arose from the research of Edgar Haber and Michael Margolies and colleagues in the MGH Department of Medicine. The original exclusive license was concluded in 1986, and the product was launched in 1991. Current annual royalties are not expected to increase between now and the expiration of the US patent, which will occur in 2006. DRUG DELIVERY DEVICE, LICENSED TO NORWOOD ABBEY This needle-less laser device for rapidly delivering drugs through the skin was developed for a broad range of indications from intellectual property created by Thomas Flotte and Nick Kollias and.
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| Pemetrexed structureThe average consensus between the participants with respect to gray-value textures was 56%, ranging from 36% to 78%. In Table 11.2, the numbers in an italic font, provide the consensus between all pairs of participants. As Table 11.2 illustrates, a considerable amount of variance is present in the consensus between the participants on the clustering of gray-scale textures. For the determination of the core images, again a threshold of 45% was chosen. This resulted in a set of 95 outof 180 ; core images, which is slightly more than with the color textures. In contrast, the average consensus between the participants on the gray-value images was slightly less 65% ; than with the color textures. The participant assigned as prototypical, did have an average 171 and pentobarbital.
Analysis of enzyme activities in transduced primary cells Quantification of vector encoded protein expression obtained from extracts of packaging cells does not provide an accurate measure of transduced primary cell expression. Therefore, primary canine smooth muscle cells were transduced, selected in G418 and assayed for -gal 22 ; and neo activity 23 ; . Extracts from LNFZ and LNPoZ transduced vascular smooth muscle cells showed similar -gal and neo activities Table 2 ; . X-gal staining for -gal activity showed uniform staining with both the vectors data not shown and pemetrexed.
Fig 4. A ; Comparison of M1mycer cells in the presence or abafter treatment with 11-6. Shown are photosence of -estradiol micrographs of May-GrUnwald-Giemsa-stained cytospin smears. Cells were treated with IL-6 for 4 days original magnification, X 300 ; . B ; Inductionof DNA fragmentation by IL-6 in M 1 lanes 1 and 2 ; . M 1mycer-6 lanes 3 and 4 ; . and M lmycer-6 plus fl-estradd lanes 5 and 6 ; . Cells were seeded at 0.1 X 106 mL, after 4 days were reseeded at the same concentration, and hm"ted after 7 days for DNA extraction. DNA extraction and electrophoresis were as described in Materials and Methods. Lanes 1. 3, and 5 were without IL-6; lanes 2, 4, and 6 were with IL-6 and pentostatin.
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Figure 2. Effect of 20-HETE on phenylephrine-induced contraction of mesenteric artery rings taken from WKY A ; and SHR B ; . The experiments were conducted in vessels bathed in buffer containing DDMS. C, The EC50 for phenylephrine-induced contraction of vascular rings taken from SHR ; and WKY ; , in the absence and the presence of 20-HETE. Results are the mean SEM, n number of experiments. * P 0.05 vs absence of 20-HETE and peppermint.
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Several other pemetrexed-containing regimens have been studied among chemonaive patients with NSCLC Table 2 ; . In phase I II setting, Clarke et al. [31] tested pemetrexedvinorelbine and obtained a promising 40% response rate, but the median survival was 7.9 months, which is relatively short. Febrile neutropenia occurred in 11% of the patients, and 1 infectious toxic death occurred. Pemetrexed-cisplatin was tested in two phase II trials by Manegold et al. [32] and Shepherd et al. [33]. Manegold et al. reported a 39% response rate with a median survival of 10.9 months and Shepherd et al. reported a 45% response rate with a median survival of 8.9 months. Grade 3 and 4 neutropenia was the predominant hematologic toxicity. In a randomized phase II trial, Scagliotti et al. [34] compared pemetrexed with either carboplatin or oxaliplatin. In the pemetrexed-carboplatin arm, the response rate was 32%, and the median survival was 9.9 months. In the pemetrexedoxaliplatin arm, the response rate was 27%, and the median survival was 8.3 months. For both arms, neutropenia was the predominant grade 3 and 4 toxicity 25.6% of pemetrexedcarboplatin patients, 7.5% of pemetrexed-oxaliplatin patients ; . Only 1 patient 2% ; in the pemetrexed-carboplatin arm and 2 patients 5% ; in the pemetrexed-oxaliplatin arm reported febrile neutropenia. Zinner et al. [35] reported the results of two phase 2 studies performed in the MD Anderson Cancer Center and the other in Europe. Eighty-nine patients received carboplatin AUC6 and pemetrexed 500 mg m2 on day 1 of a day-cycle. Results are quite comparable to the carboplatin arm of the Scagliotti's study, showing a 29 to 32% response rate, a 10.5 to 13.5 months overall survival and a low rate of febrile neutropenia 2 to 5 and pemoline.
In response to a growing need, CallenLorde has greatly expanded the capacity of its Oral Health Service. "Although the dental clinic opened less than a year ago, the demand for services has sky-rocketed, " stated Dr. Calix Ramos, Director of Oral Health Services. To handle the increased patient load, three full-time dentists were added: Dr. Oleg Goncharov, and residents Dr. Euyenia Kollia and Dr. Glen Kakpawan. Dental residents differ from medical residents in that they are fully licensed and have elected to participate in a residency to gain specialized knowledge. Dr. Goncharov waited two years for a position to open at Callen-Lorde because of his commitment to the community and special interest in treating patients living with HIV. The addition of these highly qualified professionals will make Callen-Lorde's state-of-the-art oral health services available to even more people. Dr. Ramos sums up the expansion with enthusiasm. "What's truly rewarding is that people who had given up on their oral health are now coming to us for help and percodan.
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