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7. Abraham, R., Basser, R.L. & Green, M.D. 1996 ; A risk-benefit assessment of anthracycline antibiotics in antineoplastic therapy. Drug Safety 15, 406429. 8. Faure, H., Mousseau, M., Cadet, J., Guimier, C., Tripier, M., Hida, H. & Favier, A. 1998 ; Urine 8-oxo-7, 8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine vs. 5- hydroxymethyl ; uracil as DNA oxidation marker in adriamycin-treated patients. Free Radical Res. 28, 377382. 9. Stathopoulos, G.P., Malamos, N.A., Dontas, I., Deliconstantinos, G., Perrea-Kotsarelis, D. & Karayannacos, P.E. 1998 ; Inhibition of adriamycin cardiotoxicity by 5-fluorouracil: A potential free oxygen radical scavenger. Anticancer Res. 18, 43874392. 10. Falcone, G., Filippelli, W., Mazzarella, B., Tufano, R., Mastronardi, P., Filippelli, A., Berrino, L. & Rossi, F. 1998 ; Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin: Effects of 21-aminosteroids. Life Sci. 63, 15251532. 11. Samelis, G.F., Stathopoulos, G.P., Kotsarelis, D., Dontas, I., Frangia, C. & Karayannacos, P.E. 1998 ; Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity and serum lipid increase is prevented by dextrazoxane ICRF-187 ; . Anticancer Res. 18, 33053309. 12 atel, D., Pouna, P., Bonoron-Adele, S. & Robert, J. 1999 ; Comparative cardiotoxicity of idarubicin and doxorubicin using the isolated perfused rat heart model. Anticancer Drugs 10, 671676. 13. George, J.W., Ghate, S., Matson, S.W. & Besterman, J.M. 1992 ; Inhibition of DNA helicase II unwinding and ATPase activities by DNA-interacting ligands. Kinetics and specificity. J. Biol. Chem. 267, 1068310689. 14. Linassier, C., Barin, C., Calais, G., Letortorec, S., Bremond, J.L., Delain, M., Petit, A., Georget, M.T., Cartron, G., Raban, N., Benboubker, L., Leloup, R., Binet, C.
Large difference in sequence between MRP and the MDRJencoded Pgp 10 ; . Nevertheless, there are also important differences between MRP and MDR] Pgp in the drugs that they transport or interact with. We found no resistance to taxol in lung carcinoma cells transfected with MRP cDNA Table 1 ; , whereas mouse bone marrow cells transgenic for MDR] are highly resistant 28 ; . In preliminary search for reversal agents of MRP-mediated MDR, we found that the decreased accumulation of daunorubicin in the MRP transfectant was not affected by cyclosporin A, an effective reversal agent of Pgp-mediated MDR. In contrast, the isoflavinoid genistein, a drug that does not inhibit MDR] Pgpmediated drug transport 29 ; , slightly reduced the decreased drug accumulation in the MRP transfectant. This suggests that genistein is a modulator of MRP-mediated MDR. Since genistein is too toxic for use in patients and even too toxic to use as a convenient reversal agent in drug resistance tests 29 ; , less toxic analogues of genistein that also act on MRP are needed. MRP in the non-Pgp MDR cell line SW-1573 2R120 is not further increased in the Pgp-overexpressing cell line 2R160 Fig. 4B ; . As this cell line was derived from 2R120 by further selection on doxorubicin 9 ; , the extent to which MRP overexpression is tolerated in SW-1573 cells may be limited to the level reached in 2R120. Consequently, MRP-mediated MDR may play a role only in low-level MDR in SW-1573 cells and possibly in other cells as well. There is little information on the contribution of increased levels of MRP to drug resistance of human cancers. High levels of MRP mRNA were found in leukemic cells of a high.
Cisplatin etoposide doxorubicin
H. A. Koomans, J. A. Joles and T. J. Rabelink Treatment of High Blood Pressure. JNC V. Arch Intern Med 1993; 153: 154-183 Scoble JE, Maher ER, Hamilton G, Dick R, Sweny P, Moorhead JF. Atherosclerotic renovascular disease causing impairment: a case for treatment. Clin Nephrol 1989; 31: 119-122 Appel RG, Bleyler AJ, Reavis S, Hansen KJ. Renovascular disease in older patients beginning renal replacement therapy. Kidney Int 1995; 48: 171-176 Schwartz CJ, White TA. Stenosis of the renal artery; an unselected necropsy study. Br Med J 1964; 2: 1415-1421 Holley KE, Hunt JC, Brown AL, Kincaid OW, Sheps SG. Renal artery stenosis: a clinical-pathologic study in normotensive and hypertensive patients. J Med 1964; 37: 14-22 Choudhn AH, Cleland JGF, Rowlands PC, Tran TL, McCarty M, Al-Ktoubi MAO. Unsuspected renal aretry stenosis in peripheral vascular disease. Br Med J 1990; 301: 1197-1198 Olin JW, Melia M, Young JR, Graor RA, Risius B. Prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis in patients with atherosclerosis elsewhere. J Med 1990; 88: 46-51 Harding MB, Smith LR, Himmelstein SI, Harrison K, Phillips HR, Schwab SJ, Herrmller JB, Davidson CJ, Bashore TM. Renal artery stenosis: prevalence and associated risk factors in patients undergoing routine cardiac catherization. J Soc Nephrol 1992; 2: 1608-1616 Dean RH, Kieffer RW, Smith BM, Oates JA, Nadeau JHJ, Hollifield JW, Dupont WD. Renovascular hypertension: anatomic and renal function changes during drug therapy. Arch Surg 1981; 116: 1408-1415 Schreiber MJ, Pohl MA, Novick AC. The natural history of atherosclerotic and fibrous renal artery disease. Urol Clin North 1984; 11: 383-392 Guzman RP, Zierler RE, Isaacson JA, Bergelin RO, Strandness E. Renal atrophy and arterial stenosis. A prospective study with duplex ultrasound. Hypertension 1994; 23: 346--350 Hansen KJ, Starr SM, Sands E, Burkart JM, Plonk GW, Dean RH. Contemporary surgical management of renovascular disease. J Vase Surg 1992; 16: 319-313 Novick AC. Options for therapy of ischemic nephropathy: role of angioplasty and surgery. J Kidney Dis 1996; 16: 53-60 Sos TA, Pickering TG, Sniderman K, Saddekni S, Case DB, Silane MF, Vaughan ED, Laragh JH Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in renovascular hypertension due to atheroma or fibromuscular dysplasia. N Engl J Med 1983; 309. 274-279 Canzanello VJ, Millan VG, Spiegel JE, Ponce P, Kopelman RI, Madias NE. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty in management of renovascular hypertension: results in 100 patients. Hypertension 1989; 13: 163-172 Weibull H, Bergqvist D, Bergentz SE, Jonsson K, Hulthen L, Manhem P. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty vs surgical reconstruction of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis: a prospective study. J Vase Surg 1993; 18: 841-852 Macleod M, Taylor AD, Baxter G, Harden P, Briggs D, Moss J, Semple PF, Connell JMC, Dominiczak AF. Renal artery stenosis managed by Palmaz stent insertion: technical and clinical outcome. J Hypertens 1995; 13: 1791-1795 Van de Ven PGJ, Beutler JJ, Kaatee R, Beek FJ, Geyskes GG, Mali WPThM, Koomans HA. Transluminal vascular stent for ostial atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis Lancet 1995; 346: 672-674 Missouris CG, Allen CM, Balen FG, Buckenham T, Lees WR, MacGregor GA. Non-invasive screening for renal artery stenosis with ultrasound contrast enhancement. Hypertens 1996, 14: 519-524 Olbncht CJ, Paul K, Prokop M, Chanvan A, Schaefer-Prokop CM, Jandeleit K, Koch KM, Galanski M. Minimally invasive diagnosis of renal artery stenosis by spiral computed tomography angiography. Kidney Int 1995; 48: 1332-1337.
Liposomal doxorubicin package insert
2003 Increased seminal plasma lead levels adversely affect the fertility potential of sperm in IVF Benoff, S., Centola, G.M., Millan, C., Napolitano, B., Marmar, J.L., Hurley, I.R. Human Reproduction 18 2 ; , pp. 374-383 2003 Malarial nephropathy Eiam-Ong, S. Seminars in Nephrology 23 1 ; , pp. 21-33.
The "EpSSG RMS 2005 protocol" opened in October, 2005, contains a randomised trial for high-risk patients and observational studies for patients in other risk groups low, standard, very high ; . Main objectives are: a ; to give a homogenous local and systemic treatment according to risk stratification, b ; to investigate the value of adding dose-intensity doxorubicin in the initial part of the treatment IVADo - ifosfamide, vincristine, actinomycin D, and doxorubicin regimen ; , and the role of low-dose maintenance with vinorelbine and cyclophosphamide, in patients included in the high risk group double randomised trial ; . The main section of the study is a prospective phase III international, multi-institutional, non-blinded double-randomised clinical trial.
Asthma disproportionately affects African Americans and women. Although inadequate care contributes to overall asthma morbidity, less is known about differences in asthma care by race and sex and dronabinol.
Distinct from the recipient heart and nonaffected liver, thus confirming that the tumor was of donor origin Fig 1 ; . A mixed allelic pattern of both donor and recipient appeared in the nonaffected lung, which we propose was secondary to a genetic admixture of recipient monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages and donor pneumocytes!
Et al. Network analysis of positron emission tomography regional cerebral blood ow data: ensemble inhibition during episodic memory retrieval. J Neurosci 1996; 16: 37539. Oliveira RM, Gurd JM, Nixon P, Marshall JC, Passingham RE. Micrographia in Parkinson's disease: the effect of providing external cues. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997; 63: 42933. Oliveira RM, Gurd JM, Nixon P, Marshall JC, Passingham RE. Hypometria in Parkinson's disease: automatic versus controlled processing. Mov Disord 1998; 13: 4227. Owen AM, Iddon JL, Hodges JR, Summers BA, Robbins TW. Spatial and non-spatial working memory at different stages of Parkinson's disease. Neuropsychologia 1997; 35: 51932. Owen AM, Doyon J, Dagher A, Sadikot A, Evans AC. Abnormal basal ganglia outow in Parkinson's disease identied with PET. Implications for higher cortical functions. Brain 1998; 121: 94965. Playford ED, Jenkins IH, Passingham RE, Nutt J, Frackowiak RS, Brooks DJ. Impaired mesial frontal and putamen activation in Parkinson's disease: a positron emission tomography study. Ann Neurol 1992; 32: 15161. Praamstra P, Cools AR, Stegeman DF, Horstink MW. Movementrelated potential measures of different modes of movement selection in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Sci 1996; 140: 6774. Price CJ, Friston KJ. Scanning patients with tasks they can perform. [Review]. Hum Brain Mapp 1999; 8: 1028. Rascol O, Sabatini U, Chollet F, Celsis P, Montastruc JL, MarcVergnes JP, et al. Supplementary and primary sensory motor area activity in Parkinson's disease. Regional cerebral blood ow changes during nger movements and effects of apomorphine. Arch Neurol 1992; 49: 1448. Rees G, Frackowiak R, Frith C. Two modulatory effects of attention that mediate object categorization in human cortex. Science 1997; 275: 8358. Rinne JO, Portin R, Ruottinen H, Nurmi E, Bergman J, Haaparanta M, et al. Cognitive impairment and the brain dopaminergic system in Parkinson disease: [18F]uorodopa positron emission tomographic study. Arch Neurol 2000; 57: 4705. Rizzolatti G, Luppino G, Matelli M. The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts. [Review]. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1998; 106: 28396 and dss.
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23 24. Wakeling AE, Dukes M and Bowler J. A potent specific pure antiestrogen with clinical potential. Cancer Res 51: 3867-73, 2001. White RE, Darkow DJ, and Falvo Lang JL. Estrogen relaxes coronary arteries by opening BKca channels through a cGMP-dependent mechanism. Circ Res 77: 936-942, 1995. Yue P, Chatterjee K, Beale C, Wilson AP, and Collins P. Testosterone relaxes rabbit coronary arteries and aorta. Circulation 91: 1154-60, 1995. Zhang F, Ram JL, Standley PR, and Sowers JR. 17 beta-estradiol attenuates voltage dependent Ca2 + currents in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cell line. J Physiol 266: C975-C80, 1994.
Topotecan vincristine doxorubicin
In women, doxorubicin may cause infertility during the time of drug administration. Doxorubicin may cause amenorrhea. Ovulation and menstruation may return after termination of therapy, although premature menopause can occur. Recovery of menses is related to age at treatment and dulcolax.
FOSAMAX Once Weekly is used to treat osteoporosis. This condition is caused by changes in the way bone is normally maintained.
POLYPLOIDY IS A characteristic feature of mammalian hepatocytes 3 ; . During normal developmental growth, the rat liver parenchyma undergoes dramatic changes characterized by a progressive polyploidization by which hepatocytes of several ploidy classes emerge as the result of modified cell-division cycles. In newborn rats, the parenchyma contains diploid cells that divide intensively. Binucleate hepatocytes formed by acytokinetic mitosis ; appear after several days and markedly increase in number after a few weeks. Then mononucleate tetraploid cells emerge, followed by binucleate cells with two tetraploid 4C ; nuclei and finally by mononucleate octoploid cells. This succession of hepatocyte cell classes has been established by early cytophotometric studies 1, 30 ; and more recently by flow cytometry and duragesic
| Leiomyosarcoma ifosfamide doxorubicinThe prognosis of patients with intermediate- or high-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma not achieving complete remission with primary chemotherapy or relapsing after complete remission is usually poor; the most important prognostic indicator in these situations is whether a complete remission was achieved and the duration of this remission.2, 3 A number of salvage regimens have been developed for relapsing or resistant patients and consist of combinations of newer drugs that are active in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and may be non cross-resistant with frontline drugs. Such drugs include anthracycline and anthracenedione derivatives, ifosfamide, cisplatin, etoposide and nitrosureas used at conventional doses and high-dose cytarabine. Idarubicin is a good candidate for salvage therapy in non-Hodgkin's lymphoma because of its activity as single agent, the lack of cross-resistance with doxorubicin and novantrone and the lower cardiotoxicity compared to doxorubicin documented in experimental models.16 The IVA regimen which combines idarubicin with etoposide and intermediate-dose cytarabine proved to be active as salvage therapy in relapsing and refractory lymphoma allowing an overall response rate of 60% and a complete remission rate of 20%. The most important factors influencing the probability of attaining a complete remission were the low tumor burden and the prior sensitivity to chemotherapy; indeed, the complete remission rate was significantly higher 45% ; in patients treated with IVA at their first relapse compared to resistant patients 14% ; , and among patients with low tumor burden compared to those with high tumor burden p 0.01 ; . No differences in the response rate to IVA.
Doxorubicin discovery
Editorial: - Towards a global cancer strategy. F. Cavalli Review: - The pharmacological management of cancer pain. Part II. The role of opioid drugs in adults and children. F. De Conno, C. Ripamonti, A. Sbanotto et al. Commentary: - Novel approaches to selective treatments of human solid tumors. Laboratory and clinical correlation. G. J. Peters & Y. M. Rustum A rena: - Improving cancer care world wide. J. S. Tobias &l. Mittra Original articles: - Epidemiologic pathology of ovarian cancer from the Vaud Cancer Registry, Switzerland. F. Levi, S. Franceschi, C. La Vecchia et al. - Usefulness of imaging ovarian cancer recurrence with 111IN- Clinical case: labeled monoclonal antibody - The management of bladder cancer - a case history. A. P. M. specific for CA125 antigen. P. Peltier, J. P. Dutin, J. F. Chatal et Lydon, S. J. Harland & G. M. Duchesne al. Adjuvant chemohormonal therapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and 5-FU with or Short reports: without medroxyprogesterone - Gemcitabine in advanced renal acetate for node-positive breast cell carcinoma: A phase II study cancer patients. P. S. G Hupof the National Cancer Institute perets, J. Wils, L. Volovics et al. of Canada Clinical Trials Group. Carboplatin, methotrexate, vinW. C. Mertens et al. blastine and epirubicin for tran Phase II study of cisplatin and sitional cell bladder carcinoma. 120 hour continuous infusion of C. Sola, J. Mallafre, L. Mendoza 5-FU in patients with advanced Solorzano et al. pancreatic adenocarcinoma. P. Reversal of 5-FU-induced toxicRougier et al. ity by oral administration of uri Ophthalmic toxicity during cardine. C. J. van Groeningen, G. J. boplatin therapy. E. M. Rankin & Peters & H. M. Pinedo J. F. Pitts Antitumor activity of taxotere, a new taxol analog, in experimental ovarian cancer. E. Boven Letter: Randomized phase II trial of - Relapse of acute myeloblastic iproplatin and carboplatin in adleukaemia presenting as tempovanced breast cancer. J. B. Verral bone chloroma with facial morken, S. Gundersen, M. ClaveI nerve paralysis. W. A. Wuillemin et al. etal and echinacea
Activity, the increases in catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities were significant in comparison to the control cells. These increased antioxidant enzyme activites might be considered as a response to increased oxidative stress in cells treated with Topotecan. The results of the study of Sarvazyan et al. 1995 ; indicate that doxorubicin increases formation of superoxide anion in isolated cardiac myocytes. They propose that intracellular SOD activity protects adult rat cardiomycytes from increased intracellular oxidative stress. Recent studies demonstrate that increased non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant levels are responsible for enhanced resistance to some anticancer drugs Russo & Mitchell, 1985; Kahlos et al., 2001; Chung-man et al., 2001; Ghazizadeh, 2003 ; . These studies suggest that oxygen radical formation caused by these drugs used for chemotherapy might be an alternative mechanism for their cytotoxic effect on cells and antioxidant supplementation should be avoided in cancer patients in order not to prevent chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of cancer cells Doroshow, 1986; Sinha et al., 1987 ; . These findings support our hypothesis that Topotecan increases the oxidative stress in MCF-7 cells. However, the mechanisms by which Topotecan increases oxidative stress and if this can be an alternative mechanism for Topotecan toxicity need further investigations.
Doxorubicin dose
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Of cocaine potentiation of responses to amines. Brit. J. Pharmacol., in press and efalizumab.
Heterogeneous firm capabilities are an important component of strategic management theory, but are usually inferred from indirect evidence. We offer data envelopment analysis as a method of analyzing the efficiency of converting inputs into outputs, thus revealing the capabilities of the focal organization. We show that the resulting efficiency measures predict organizational change and survival. We also show that organizational changes have no clear relation to efficiency improvement and doxorubicin.
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