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G. Los, E. Verdegaal, H.P. Noteboni, M. Ruevekamp, A. De Graeff, .W. Meesten, D. T. Huinink, and J.G. McVie. Cellular pharmacokinetics of carboplatin and cisplatin in relation to their cytotoxic action. Biochem Pharmacol 42: 357-363 1991.
AIncubations were carried out for 6 h at Buffer B with 40 M coralyne. The molar ratio of TFO to duplex was 5: 1. bDetermined using TFOs X, XI, XIII and XV, respectively. cAlkylation took place on the purine-rich strand Pu ; , the pyrimidine-rich strand Py ; or on both strands bis ; of IV.
Purpose: The primary goal of CALGB 39808 was to define the complete response rate of L-SCLC to Topo Tax, followed by radiation-intensive CCRT.We wanted to define the toxicity tox ; of Topo Tax, which might up-regulate topoisomerase-II levels and alter repair capacity, prior to carboplatin carbo ; + etoposide VP16 ; and concurrent thoracic irradiation TRT ; to 70 Gy. Pts & Methods: Two cycles of Topo 1mg M2 d on d1-5 ; + Tax 175mg M2 IV x 3hrs on d1 ; + 5mcg kg SQ day from d6 until ANC 10K ; were administered at 21d intervals to 75 pts with L-SCLC.After induction, pts were treated with three cycles of carbo.
Danish Veterinary Laboratory, DK-1790 Copenhagen V, Denmark Abstract. Fluorescent in situ hybridization, immunohistochemistry, and Grocott's methenamine-silver nitrate staining were compared as diagnostic methods for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in formalin-fixed lung tissue from foals and pigs. An oligonucleotide probe targeting 18S ribosomal RNA of P. carinii was designed for in situ hybridization, and a commercially available monoclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemistry. Samples from six foals and 10 pigs with P. carinii pneumonia, as verified by Grocott's methenaminesilver nitrate staining, were examined concurrently with samples from seven animals with pneumonia caused by other pathogens. Fluorescent in situ hybridization showed distinctive positive reactions for P. carinii in all test samples. The immunohistochemical procedure, however, only revealed P. carinii in the foals. The number of P. carinii organisms observed by fluorescent in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry far exceeded the number of organisms stained by Grocott's methenamine-silver nitrate staining. The results show that fluorescent in situ hybridization targeting ribosomal RNA can provide a specific diagnosis of P. carinii pneumonia in foals and pigs. Key words: Diagnostic methods; foals; in situ hybridization; pigs; Pneumocystis carinii; pneumonia.
Scanning technique called computerized tomography, popularly referred to as CT scans.Body scans have been around for some years now, but older technology could not accurately image moving organs.If we use the analogy of a camera, the older scans could not take pictures of the moving parts of the body because they had "excessively slow exposure times." "Pictures" of moving organs like the heart, the lungs, and the colon always came out blurred.Today, however, newer technology renders excellent image quality. I not advocating that total body scans should be undertaken randomly or without explicit reason such as those procedures that are being widely advertised on the radio in major population centers. The value of this sort of global scanning is highly debatable because random scanning frequently uncovers what we term "incidental findings" that subsequent tests show to be completely benign. The disadvantage of global body scanning is that when any slight abnormality is seen, it becomes necessary to embark on a stressful, time-consuming, and expensive process to determine that a suspicious area found in the scan does or does not indicate the beginning of some malignant process. This then can require further scans, blood tests, consultations with medical experts and, in some cases, biopsies or even surgery. However, there are selective ways that these scans can be used to image certain critical areas of the body, especially in groups of patients known to be at high risk. One of the areas where fast CT scans are beneficial is in detecting the presence of cholesterol plaque in the coronary arteries. Patients in our practice who are usually older than 50 ; belong to the population most at risk for atherosclerosis, otherwise known as hardening of the arteries. Simply described, hardening of the arteries occurs when cholesterol builds up in the arteries.In extreme degrees the buildup reaches the point where the artery is totally blocked off. When an artery to the heart is completely blocked, it results in a heart attack. When an artery to the brain is completely blocked off, it results in a stroke. Over 400, 000 men die of either heart attack or stroke every year. Perhaps twice that many men have non-fatal strokes and heart attacks each and every year. Clearly, we have an epidemic on our hands. In.
Carboplatin treatment for lung cancer
6.3 37.3 27.2 Fig 2. Time to progression TTP ; and overall survival OS ; . HR, hazard ratio; PC, paclitaxel carboplatin; PCG, paclitaxel carboplatin gemcitabine and carmustine.
Standard options for advanced non-small cell lung cancer have focused on cisplatin-based regimens, including the combination of cisplatin with vinorelbine shown in randomized trials to be at least as effective as comparator regimens. Given its lower incidence of nonhematological toxicity, carboplatin may be an attractive alternative agent in combination with vinorelbine. To determine the tolerability of this regimen, a phase I II study was conducted in 21 patients with stage IIIB IV disease. A fixed dose of carboplatin area under the concentration time curve 2.5 ; was administered on days 1 and 8 q 21 days, together with vinorelbine also on days 1 and 8 at doses increasing from 20 mg m2 to 25 mg m2. This regimen was very well tolerated: only one case of grade 4 hematological toxicity and one case of grade 3 nonhematological toxicity occurred. Objective responses were seen. Given its tolerability and activity, the combination of carboplatin with vinorelbine at the doses and schedule studied should be further evaluated. The Oncologist 2001; 6 suppl 1 ; : 12-15.
Abbreviations: DVT, deep vein thrombosis; PE, pulmonary embolism; CVA, cardiovascular accident; NSAID, nonsteroidal antiinflammatorydrug; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase. The body mass index was calculated from the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. The study end point, major bleeding, was defined as bleeding that leads to death, to interruption of treatment, to blood transfusion, or to a decrease in hemoglobin level of greater than 2.42 g dL 1.5 mmol L ; . Minor bleeding was defined as any overt bleeding that does not meet the criteria of a major bleeding. Nine patients had a history of a bleeding tendency, including history of an intracranial bleeding 1 patient ; , hemorrhagic pericarditis l ; , hematuria l ; , intestinal bleeding in Crohn's disease 1 ; and ischemic colitis l ; , bleeding in multiple myeloma 1 ; and chronic granulocytic leukemia l ; , postoperative bleeding 1 ; and easy bruising 1 ; . Risk factors were furthermore analyzed according to the scoring system as described by Landefeld et al, " with two modifications: macrocytosis mean corpuscular volume 95 fL ; was not considered a characteristic for liver dysfunction in our study population, and anticoagulant effects outside the therapeutic range were measured with anti-Xa levels instead of partial thromboplastin times. Statistical analysis. Categoric variables were compared using the chi-square test statistic with appropriate degrees of freedom. Continuous variables were assessed using logistic regression and were also categorized for chi-square analysis. Variables with a P value less than .1 in the univariate analysis were candidates for multivariate analysis using the stepwise logistic regression method to identify the variables capable of being independently predictive. According to this method, the predictor with the highest level of statistical significance is used to initiate the model; other variables are then evaluated for further predictive information and added in turn, beginning with the variables with the highest level of statistical significance ie, the lowest P values ; and continuing until the P value for the variable added exceeds .05.Variables were entered into the model both as continuous and dichotomous parameters. Log-rank tests were used to compare times up to the moment of bleeding. Use was made of the STATA Computing Resource Center, Santa Monica, CA ; and BMDP Biomedical Computer Programs, BMDP Statistical Software, University of California, Berkeley ; statistical software packages and carteolol.
Cancer chemotherapy carboplatin
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Germ Lluch JR, Climent MA, Villavicencio H, Gomez de Segura G, Blanco R, Mercedes A, de Andres L, Sole Balcells FJ. Treatment of stage I testicular tumors. Br J Urol 1993; 71: 473-477. EBM III. : ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&list uids 8499994& dopt Abstract Warde P, Gospodarowicz MK, Goodman PJ, Sturgeon JF, Jewett MA, Catton CN, Richmond H, Thomas GM, Duncan W, Munro AJ. Results of a policy of surveillance in stage I testicular seminoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993; 27: 11-15. EBM III. : ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&list uids 8365931& dopt Abstract Allhoff EP, Liedke S, de Riese W, Stief C, Schneider B. Stage I seminoma of the testis: adjuvant radiotherapy or surveillance? Br J Urol 1991; 68: 190-194. EBM IIb. : ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&list uids 1715798& dopt Abstract Krege S, Kalund G, Otto T, Goepel M, Rubben H. Phase II study: adjuvant single-agent carboplatin therapy for clinical stage I seminoma. Eur Urol 1997; 31: 405-407. EBM IIb. : ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&list uids 9187898& dopt Abstract Dieckmann KP, Krain J, Kuster J, Bruggeboes B. Adjuvant carboplatin treatment for seminoma clinical stage I. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1996; 122: 63-66. EBM IIb. : ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?cmd Retrieve&db PubMed&list uids 8543595& dopt Abstract and caverject.
Critics of FDCs suggest that: FDCs discourage separate titration of each active ingredient. This is a particular problem when both of the active ingredients require dose titration. Indeed, it can be argued that the very existence of an FDC discourages adjustment of doses to the patient's needs if that is appropriate for the combination in question ; . When the active ingredients in question have different pharmacokinetics and or pharmacodynamics, an FDC may not be appropriate. Unless both of the active ingredients are available as separate entities, FDCs encourage polypharmacy irrespective of whether it is appropriate for a particular patient.
Both gemcitabine and vinorelbine have some activity as single agents against ovarian cancer and a favourable toxicity profile. The purpose of this study was to assess the activity and toxicity of gemcitabine and vinorelbine as a combination in ovarian cancer relapsed after platinum-based therapy. Twenty-one patients with documented progression of epithelial ovarian cancer FIGO stage IIIC or IV and previous carboplatin or cisplatin based chemotherapy, regardless of regimen number, Zubrod performance status 0 2, good bone marrow, renal and hepatic functions were recruited between May 2000 and November 2003. Gemcitabine 1000 mg m2 ; and vinorelbine 25 mg m2 ; were delivered on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks. Median age was 62 years and median time from previous chemotherapy 4 months range 0 12 ; . Response was assessed after three and six courses of chemotherapy. A total of 96 courses were administered. One complete and four partial responses were observed: overall response rate was 23.8% 95% CI 8.2% to 47.2% ; and an additional 38.1% patients had stable disease. Among patients presenting with tumor related symptoms, as abdominal pain or fatigue, improvement occurred in 37%. Grade 3 4 toxic effects were neutropenia 48% ; , thrombocytopenia 14% ; , anemia 5% ; . One case needed G-CSF support. Neither febrile neutropenia, nor life threatening events were registered, but 48% of patients needed dose reductions for hematological toxicity. Non-hematological toxic effects were minimal and transient, nausea and fatigue being the most common. Kaplan Meier estimate of median overall survival was 16.8 months. The combination of gemcitabine plus vinorelbine seems safe and active in ovarian cancer and deserving further evaluation. L13 NEO-ADJUVANT CHEMOTHERAPHY M-VAC BLADDER CANCER: A MONOCENTRIC EXPERIENCE IN INVASIVE and cefazolin.
Carboplatin v-16
Figure 1. Gh protein and RNA expression in the hearts of 9- to 10-month-old transgenic Gh-overexpressing GhOE ; and wildtype WT ; mice. A, Western blotting of Gh in cardiac tissue from WT mice and lines 47 and 53 GhOEs. Blot is representative of 3 similar experiments. B, Immunohistochemistry of Gh in cardiac tissue in WT and GhOE mice. Result presented is representative of 3 similar experiments. C, Gi protein is upregulated in line 53 GhOEs compared with WT mice. Western blot selected left ; is 1 of that gave similar results. Group data are presented in the right panel. Gi expression was unaltered in line 47 GhOEs data not shown ; . D, Life table analysis revealed a significant difference in survival between WT mice and line 53 GhOEs * P 0.05, * P 0.01 ; . This became evident at 15 months of age.
Cancer forums forum index - lung cancer forum author posted: sun aug 07, 2005 1: post subject: carboplatin & gemcitabine, non small cell stage 4 my dad has been taking gemcitabine and carboplatin, he had 4 treatments so far and cefprozil.
Twenty-two patients were treated on the study from June 1999 to November 2000: 11 men 50% ; and 11 women with a median age of 62 years Table 1 ; . All patients had previously been treated with systemic chemotherapy, consisting of etoposide plus either cisplatin or carboplatin in 18, or a three-drug regimen which included etoposide plus cisplatin or carboplatin plus either paclitaxel or topotecan in four patients. Thirteen patients were previously treated with chest radiotherapy, eight were treated with cranial irradiation and one was treated for bone metastasis in spine and femur. Six patients had an ECOG performance status of 0 and 16 73% ; had a performance status of 1
Had progressive vitreous seeds. Of note is that although the vitreous response was rated as partial in patient 1, the response was nevertheless clinically remarkable as more than 90% of the vitreous seeds was eliminated allowing improvement in the patient's visual acuity from hand motions to 20 Complete remission was initially achieved in 3 eyes patients 1, 2 & 4 ; . Patient 1 had persistent residual vitreous seeds that remained stable for 7 months following his fifth dose of carboplatin injections. Treatment with periocular carboplatin was however resumed when the seeds showed signs of increasing. In patient 2, the disease appeared to be in remission for 6 months. Then, there was the presence of a mature cataract, which hindered the patient's visual functions as well as an accurate assessment of her retinoblastoma. Following uncomplicated cataract surgery, the patient was noted to have a recurrence of tumor masses and vitreous seeding and, hence, she was promptly restarted on periocular carboplatin and laser therapy. Thus far, there has been no evidence of extra-ocular metastasis. Patient 4 has been in continuous complete remission after an 18-month period of follow-up. Treatment failures occurred in the remaining 3 eyes patients 3, 5 & 6 ; . The retinal tumor masses continued to increase in size in patient 3 prompting a decision for enucleation of the eye which was without useful vision. Rapid progression of vitreous seeds and development of retinal detachment after the initial dose of carboplatin injection and cryotherapy also led to the decision for enucleation in patient 5 who was the only patient affected unilaterally in our study and still had normal vision on his unaffected eye. Periocular carboplatin injections were given for tumor and vitreous seeding recurrence in patient 6 after an initial remission period following systemic chemotherapy and local treatment with indirect laser and ceftriaxone.
Side effects of carboplatin
Only one cycle. Complete remission in 2 patients 4.7% ; , partial remission in 23 53.5% ; , stable desase in 12 27.9% ; , and progression in 6 14.0% ; were observed. Median survival of all patients was 313 days. Conclusion: carboplatin and weekly paclitaxel combination chemotherapy was shown to be effective and safe. This regimen might be a potential first-line treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC in an outpatient setting and carboplatin.
PRESENTATION NUMBER: 39 Topic 1: Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Approaches and Outcome Pretreatment PET Characteristics Do Not Predict Pathologic Response After Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer E.Y. Kim * 1, P. Savvides * 1, L. Keiler * 1, P. Lavertu * 1, D. Stepnick * 1, D. Nelson * 2, J.F. Greskovich * 1, 1University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 2 MIMvista, Cleveland, OH Purpose and Objective s ; : The role of planned Neck dissection after definitive chemoradiation for locally advanced Head and Neck H&N ; cancers is not well defined. This retrospective analysis examines the correlation of patient tumor imaging characteristics with pathologic response at time of Neck dissection. Materials and Methods: Between 11 98 and 4 06, 62 pts underwent definitive radiotherapy RT ; at University Hospitals Case Medical Center for node-positive H&N squamous cell carcinomas. Primary sites included oral cavity 4 ; , oropharynx 42 ; , hypopharynx 5 ; , and larynx 12 ; . Median age was 57.4 yrs. There were 52 men, 10 women. 48 were Caucasian, 11 AfricanAmerican, 1 Asian, and 2 Hispanic. 60 pts also received concurrent systemic therapy 51 cisplatin 5-FU, 1 carboplatin 5-FU, 2 cetuximab, 2 docetaxel erlotinib, 4 docetaxel bevacizumab ; . 14 pts received subcutaneous amifostine. RT technique was 3D-conformal 60 ; , MLC-based IMRT 1 ; , or Tomotherapy 2 ; . 61 pts received 70 Gy to the primary tumor and involved nodes mean dose 72 Gy ; . Median pre-treatment lymph node size based on clinical exam was 4.8 cm range 1.5 - 12 ; . Nodal stage was N2a 10 ; , N2b 22 ; , N2c 12 ; , and N3 17 ; . and 34 pts underwent selective and modified radical Neck dissection, respectively. 26 were leftsided, 36 were right-sided. Median number of nodes removed was 36 range, 10 - 84 ; . Median time between RT and Neck dissection was 50 days range 32-137 ; . A subset of 35 pts had pre-treatment PET scans that were used for RT planning using image-fusion software MIMVista, Cleveland, Ohio ; . Nodes that showed uptake on PET imaging were contoured. PET nodal volume, mean standard uptake value SUV ; , max SUV, and total glycolytic activity the sum of the SUV values per pixel within a target volume ; were recorded and compared with pathologic response. Results: Overall, 46 pts 74 % ; had a complete response in the Neck with no residual viable cancer. 16 26% ; had a partial response with microscopic residual disease within the Neck. Stage, sex, age, and pre-treatment lymph node size did not significantly predict pathologic response by univariate analysis. Overall there was no statistically significant correlation between primary site and Neck response. However, only 1 out of the 4 oral cavity patients had a complete response. Race was a statistically significant predictor of response; African-American pts were more likely to have a partial response p 0.023 ; . PET imaging characteristics including total nodal volume, mean SUV, max SUV, and total glycolytic activity did not correlate with pathologic response by univariate analysis. Conclusions: Combined modality therapy yields excellent local disease control with a 74% complete response rate within the Neck for pts with locally advanced squamous cell carcinomas. However, 26% of pts still have residual disease requiring Neck dissection. African-American race was a predictor of partial pathologic response. However, this analysis was not stratified for socioeconomic status or comorbid conditions. We were unable to identify any other pt or PET-related predictors of response to chemoradiotherapy that would allow better selection of pts who would benefit from Neck dissection and celestone.
Carboplatin 80
But not for at least 5 yr before transplantation "remote" smoking history ; . We also estimated the total number of packs 20 cigarettes per package ; smoked per day for each year before the time of transplantation "pack-years" at transplant ; . At least some information concerning smoking history was available in 1334 patients. In 1233 cases there were adequate records to estimate the total number of pack-years smoked at the time of transplantation.
The role of chemotherapy in PS2 patients is a controversial topic. The discouraging survival, the lower compliance to chemotherapy and the fear of a higher risk of toxicity put a question mark behind chemotherapy administration in this category of patients. In the meta-analysis published in 1995, although overall results were limited by statistical heterogeneity and evident outcome differences for the different chemotherapy categories, a significant benefit was demonstrated for cisplatin-based trials, and a sub-group analysis confirmed this benefit for both good and poorer PS patients [29]. The outcome of 64 PS2 patients enrolled in the clinical trial ECOG 1594 comparing four platinum-based combinations has been analysed in detail, after the accrual of PS2 patients had been stopped because of the perception of an excessive number of adverse events in this sub-group [60]. The analysis of toxic deaths showed that only a part of the events were treatment-related and the remaining were secondary, at least in part, to the concomitant diseases often associated with an impaired PS. All these observations, as underlined by the authors, reinforce the perception that PS2 patients need special consideration when receiving chemotherapy. At present, platinum-based combination chemotherapy is considered the standard treatment for advanced NSCLC, but it is still unclear if the benefit achieved with this treatment is restricted only to PS0 and PS1 patients, or also applies to PS2 patients. The results of a European phase III randomised trial comparing single-agent vinorelbine, vinorelbinecisplatin and vindesinecisplatin in 612 patients with advanced NSCLC and PS not worse than 2 were published in 1994 [4]. The combination of cisplatin and vinorelbine was superior in terms of survival to vindesinecisplatin and to vinorelbine alone. A secondary analysis showed that the significant advantage obtained with the combination of cisplatin and vinorelbine is predominantly limited to fit patients PS 01 patients ; [67]. As for the role of carboplatin, the results of the CALGB 9730 study, comparing paclitaxel plus carboplatin versus paclitaxel alone, must be considered [37]. The study enrolled patients with a PS of between 0 and 2. In the sub-group of PS2 patients 107 patients, 18% of the population ; , median survival in the group treated with combination chemotherapy was significantly longer than with paclitaxel alone 4.7 versus 2.4 months ; . Similar to the benefit observed in the sub-group of elderly patients enrolled in the same trial, these results should be interpreted with caution, in view of the substantial risk of selection bias. In a randomized phase II study carboplatin and cellcept.
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Human virus similar to the mouse mammary tumor virus MMTV ; Identifying, treating, and even possibly preventing cancers caused by viruses is an ongoing challenge because each virus causes cancer through a different process. In addition, some viruses cause cancer indi and carmustine.
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